Qr. Fan et al., A disulfide-linked natural killer cell receptor dimer has higher affinity for HLA-C than wild-type monomer, EUR J IMMUN, 30(9), 2000, pp. 2692-2697
Inhibitory receptors on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells recognize
specific MHC class I molecules on target cells and prevent the target cell
lysis by NK cells. The killer cell immunoglobulin-related receptors (KIR),
KIR2D, found in human, specifically interact with polymorphic HLA-C molecul
es. The crystal structure of the inhibitory receptor, KIR2DL1, revealed a r
elationship to the hematopoietic receptor family, suggesting that the signa
ling mechanism of KIR2D molecules may resemble that of the hematopoietic re
ceptors, and involve KIR2D dimerization. We have engineered a disulfide-lin
ked dimer of KIR2DL1 by introducing a free cysteine at the C-terminal stem
region of the receptor. The disulfide-linked KIR2DL1 dimer binds to HLA-Cw4
at a molar ratio of one dimer to one HLA-Cw4 molecule. Furthermore. the co
valently-linked KIR2DL1 dimer binds more tightly to HLA-Cw4 than the wild-t
ype monomer, suggesting the occurrence of a second binding event that incre
ases the overall affinity of KIR dimer for HLA-C.