FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL MICROSCOPY .1. SOLID-STATE CHARACTERIZATION OF 5-NITROBARBITURIC ACID (DILITURIC ACID) AND ITS COMPLEXES WITH GROUPIA AND GROUP IIA CATIONS

5-Nitrobarbituric acid (dilituric acid) has been used as a chemical mi croscopic reagent for the qualitative identification of alkali metal ( Group IA) and alkaline earth (Group IIA) cations. This methodology was based on the characterization of observed crystal morphologies, since a unique crystal habit could be associated with each adduct product. To understand the scientific foundations which permitted chemical micr oscopy to function as a useful analytical technique, the products form ed between dilituric acid and the Group IA and IIA cations were charac terized using polarizing optical microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. It was f ound that the origins of the different crystal morphologies associated with each of the adduct arose from the ability of the systems to form various hydrate species, which could also contain structural variatio ns due to cation/diliturate packing patterns. (C) 1997 Elsevier Scienc e B.V.