Human immunodeficiency virus infection in rural areas and small cities of the Southeast: Contributions of migration and behavior

The design of education and prevention strategies to stem the spread of hum an immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AI DS) in rural areas depends on having accurate patterns of risk behavior and transmission in local areas. Interviews were conducted with people in rura l areas and small cities in Delaware, Florida, Georgia and South Carolina w ho were at least 18 years old and infected with HN in order to describe dem ographic characteristics, migration patterns and risk behaviors. Interviews were conducted with 608 people. Most respondents were male (66 percent), b lack (63 percent of men, 85 percent of women) and had been infected through sexual contact (67 percent of men, 66 percent of women). Most (65 percent) had lived away from a rural area or small city for at least one month; of those, 71 percent had moved from an urban area. Twenty-seven percent of res pondents indicated they had been infected locally. People with a history of injection drug use were less likely to have been infected locally than tho se rc,ho had no history of injection drug use (6 percent vs. 26 percent amo ng men, 3 percent vs. 40 percent among women, P<0.001). Further understandi ng of the role of socioeconomic factors in HIV transmission in rural areas and small cities is needed. Programs designed to prevent HIV acquisition am ong people living in rural areas and small cities in the Southeast should f ocus on sexual behavior.