The effect of non-ideal mixing on the number of steady-state multiplicity in the start-up diagram of two CSTRs in series

In this paper, we find a new mapped region of the output steady-state multi plicity of the second CSTR in the start-up diagram of two non-ideal mixing CSTRs in series where the reaction rate expression is - gamma(a) = kCa/(1 KCa)(2). By virtue of our analysis, this new mapped region is caused by th e fact that the exact input multiplicity region in the non-ideal mixing of the first CSTR overlaps with the exact output multiplicity region of the no n-ideal mixing of the second CSTR. This new mapped region not only comes ab out multiplicity in the second CSTR but also changes the maximum number of steady states and its distribution in the start-up diagram. Simulated resul ts are used to demonstrate our works.