Modulation of tumour necrosis factor production with desmuramyldipeptide analogues

Some synthetic analogues of the immunomodulatory agent muramyl dipeptide (M DP), i.e. phthalimido- (LK-511, LK-413, LK-512, LK-423, LK-508), adamantyl- (LK-415, LK-517), 7-oxoalkyl-(LK-409) desmuramylpeptides were assessed for the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inducing activity and the ability to modu late TNF production in in vitro phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) & ion omycin stimulated cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A k inetic study over a 40-hour period indicated that desmuramyldipeptides were weak TNF inducers compared to romurtide, PMA & ionomycin or lipopolysaccha ride. By contrast, they showed the potential to up- or down-regulate the pr oduction of TNF evoked by PMA & ionomycin, which was strongly dependent on the time of the stimulation. After 4h of stimulation, the TNF secretion was augmented by LK-508, LK-409 and LK-511, after 18 h by LK-409 and LK-423, a nd after 40 h by LK-423, LK-511, LK-415 and LK-512. However, LK-517 and LK- 512 inhibited the secretion of TNF after the 18-h period.