The question of how society is going to pay for restoration has received li
ttle open discussion. We review existing literature and examples to explore
two questions: How should ecological and economic considerations be balanc
ed in determining expenditures on restoration projects? and How is society
going to pay for the substantial costs involved? We discuss a number of dif
ferent techniques for determining the amount of money to allocate to restor
ation efforts, including ecosystem replacement costs, quantifying ecosystem
services, contingent valuation, and surrogate market price techniques. We
then review different strategies for paying for restoration including priva
te funding by the party responsible for the damage, public funding through
taxes, voluntary contributions, and various public/private partnerships. We
conclude by discussing other considerations in developing strategies to pa
y for restoration, including uncertainty, timescale, evaluating success, an
d regional planning.