The effect of selected factors on the yield and quality of sugar beet

In the years 1996 to 1998 we carried out the field trial with sugar beet. T he influence of weather condition, varieties (Intera, Hilma, Monriz), diffe rent fertilizing (0 - without fertilization, A - cattle manure, B - cattle manure + NPK, C - cattle manure + NPK + potassium humate, D - cattle manure + NPK + Mikrobion) and sowing spacing (157 mm, 210 mm) on the sugar beet r oot yield, digestion and polarised sugar yield was studied. Mikrobion (prod uct of industrial microbiology) was applied on the stubble after preceding crop harvesting in the total rate 25 l.ha(-1). The NPK rate was calculated on the basis of agrochemical analysis of soil as affected on the root yield 50 t.ha(-1). Weather conditions of experimental years influenced highly si gnificantly root yield, digestion and yield of polarised sugar. In the year s with more favourable precipitation and temperature (1996, 1997) were reac hed higher values in all parameters comparing to 1998 (the year in which we ather condition especially in the critical period of growth-months May, Jun e, July was less favourable). In 1998 we found out lower root yield -7.42 t .ha(-1) (rel. 10.35%). digestion -1.03 degrees S (rel. 7.14%) and polarised sugar yield -1.28 t.ha(-1) (rel. 13.44%) comparing to average of years 199 6 and 1997. Good adaptability of Intera variety (Slovak provenance) on the warm and temperate arid maize-growing region resulted into higher root yiel d comparing to Monriz variety +4.2 t.ha(-1) (rel. 6.05%) and to Hilma varie ty +9.28 t.ha(-1) (rel. 14.41%). The highest digestion reached Hilma variet y 15.69 degrees S. Thr difference to Intera was +0.69 degrees S (rel. 4.6%) and to Monriz +1.03 degrees S (rei. 7.02%). Both differences were statisti cally significant. The Intera cultivar also reached the highest values in p olarised sugar yield with differences +1.10 t.ha(-1) (rel. 11.09%) to Hilma and +1.54 t.ha(-1) (rel. 16.26%) to Monriz. The influence of fertilizing o n all investigated parameters was statistically significant. We found out p ositive effect (statistically significant) of Mikrobion and potassium humat e on the root yield which increased +10.27 t.ha(-1) (rel. 16.44%), reap. +1 0.01 t.ha(-1) (rel. 16.08%) comparing to variant without fertilizing. In bo th variants (with Mikrobion and potassium humate) were reached higher loot yields (statistically no significant) comparing to variants with only cattl e manure and cattle manure + NPK. The highest digestion was found out on th e variant with only cattle manure application 15.53 degrees S. The differen ces in digestion values comparing to the others variants were statistically highly significant: A/0 +0.38 degrees S (rel. 2.58%), A/B +0.45 degrees S (rel. 2.98%), A/C +0.65 degrees S (rzl. 2.98%), A/D +4.6 degrees S (rel. 4. 02%). The differences in digestion between other variants were not signific ant. The highest polarised sugar yield was reached in variant with Mikrobio n. In all fertilized variants were higher values of polarised sugar yield c omparing to variant without fertilization. The effect of sowing spacing on all parameters was not statistically significant. The positive difference w as found out in root yield +2.99 t.ha(-1) (rel. 4.42%) on sowing spacing 15 7 mm. The digestion and polarised sugar yield values were equal in both 157 mm and 210 mm sowing spacing.