Authenticity of pronunciation in naturalistic second language acquisition:The case of very advanced late learners of Dutch as second language

The article reports on the fourth study in a series of four designed to tes t the prediction that a nativelike accent is unattainable for those who sta rt to acquire an SL after the close of the critical period. Sentences read out by late learners, who acquired Dutch in an immersion setting, were rate d for accent by native speakers of Dutch. The results from this study, in c ombination with those from three previous studies, suggest that, in spite o f the claims of the critical period hypothesis, alte learners can achieve a nativelike accent in an SL, and that a combination of input, motivational, and instructional factors may compensate for the neurological disadvantage s of a late start.