In this paper we analyze the application of an optimization model to solve
problems of arranging products (packed in boxes) on pallets, and arranging
loaded pallets on trucks. Initially the model is applied to solve thousands
of randomly generated experiments. Then, In order to assess the effectiven
ess of the solutions in practice, the model is applied to two Brazilian cas
e studies: a food company distribution center and a large wholesale distrib
ution center. We also discuss the use of this approach for optimizing the s
izes of packages, pallets and trucks. In particular, we analyze the perform
ance of the Brazilian standard pallet (PBR), adopted by the Brazilian Assoc
iation of Supermarkets (ABRAS) and recommended by the Brazilian Logistics A
ssociation (ASLOG), in comparison with other standard pallets. By examining
not only the loading of products on pallets, but also the loading of palle
ts on trucks, we can obtain global utilization indices which are useful to
evaluate the economical performance of unit load systems in the logistics c
hain of a company. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.