Heterogenetic cities in premodern Southeast Asia

Archaeologists working in non-Western areas of the world tend to employ mon othetic, unilinear definitions of 'urbanization'. The definition of what co nstitutes a 'city' in archaeological terms is also ambiguous. Most definiti ons are biased by dependence on early archaeological work in the Mediterran ean and Southwest Asia. Models of city formation must be based on multi-lin ear, polythetic criteria, in order to accommodate non-Western phenomena. A polythetic functional definition of urbanization recognizes two distinct fo rms of the city: orthogenetic and heterogenetic. Literature on Southeast As ia has mainly concerned itself with orthogenetic sties. This article presen ts archaeological data on under-studied heterogenetic cities in insular Sou theast Asia.