Subtherapeutic international normalized ratio despite increasing doses of warfarin: Could this be malabsorption?

Objective: To describe a case of warfarin resistance apparently caused by m alabsorption and to review the literature regarding warfarin resistance. Ca se Summary: A 28-year-old renal transplant patient with systemic lupus eryt hematosus was admitted for upper extremity thrombophlebitis. Resistance to oral warfarin was demonstrated. Potential causes were investigated. The tra pezoidal rule was used to compare the area under the curve for intravenous versus oral dosing of warfarin. The usual bioavailability of warfarin shoul d be 100%. in this patient, warfarin bioavailability after oral dosing was 1.5%. Three potential causes, malabsorption (FF), enzymatic degradation (FC ), and first-pass extraction in the portal circulation (FH), are discussed. Conclusion: This case demonstrates resistance to warfarin presumably cause d by malabsorption.