This report describes an ethnographic study of document use by anaesth
etists. In doing so, it focuses on the role of the preoperative risk a
ssessment form as used in anaesthetic practice at a cardiothoracic hos
pital, and considers what would be the advantages and disadvantages of
shining the paper into the electronic form. Evidence from this case s
tudy is used to comment on how the practical use of documents by medic
al professionals can be fundamentally at odds with how the organizatio
n at large would like to use them. We argue that: hospital trusts need
to take into account this practical perspective in order to build eff
ective, on-line document systems.