Temporal and spatial adaptation to food restriction in mice under naturalistic conditions

Free-living female laboratory mice, adapted to outdoor life in large pens p roviding a naturalistic environment, were tested for their ability to modif y their foraging habits to controlled food supply. An automatic feeder box delivered a small portion of the daily quantity of seeds to each individual mouse. Eight such boxes were placed into an outdoor pen. Each day, mice ha d to visit all boxes to gather the daily amount of food and were rewarded o nly at the first visit to each box. Mice were individually recognised by an implanted microchip. Throughout a 16-day period, feeding activity concentr ated in an interval time around the beginning of the daily session. During the same period, the number of different feeders visited every day by mice increased irrespective of variation in exploratory activity. The experiment al set-up allowed detecting temporal and spatial adaptations to the food re striction, as well as behavioural differences due to territorial and social factors. These data permit the design of novel tests assessing behavioural changes, memory and learning in normal and genetically modified mice, both in the laboratory and in naturalistic settings. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.