High adenosine plasma concentration as a prognostic index for outcome in patients with septic shock

Objective: Sepsis and septic shock are a common cause of mortality in criti cally ill patients. Many substances have been implicated in the pathophysio logy of these syndromes. We postulated that adenosine may be implicated in the sepsis- or septic shock-induced blood pressure failure. Indeed, this nu cleoside is a strong endogenous vasodilating agent released by endothelial cells and myocytes under circumstances of metabolic stress, such as during critical illness. Design:A prospective, comparative observational study. Setting: The adult intensive care unit of a tertiary care university hospit al, Patients: We measured adenosine plasma concentration (APC) in patients with severe sepsis (n = 11), in patients with septic shock (n = 14), in patient s with hemorrhagic traumatic shock (n = 14), and in 12 healthy volunteers. APC was evaluated every 12 hrs over 3 days. Interventions: Hone, Measurements and Main Results:At study entry, we found that APC was higher in patients with septic shock (mean +/- SD = 8.4 +/- 3.5 mu mol/L) than in patients with hemorrhagic traumatic shock (1.1 +/- 0.6 mu mol/L) and contro ls (0.8 +/- 0.3 mu mol/L). Intermediate values (3.9 +/- 1.9 mu mol/L) were found in patients with severe sepsis, APC in patients with traumatic shock did not differ from controls. In the course of the hospitalization, for bot h sepsis and septic shock patients, APC decreased significantly but remaine d higher than controls 72 hrs after entry into the study, In the septic sho ck group, APC was significantly higher in the nonsurvivor group (n = 6) tha n in the survivor group (n = 8), whatever the time of sample collection and assay. Conclusions:High adenosine plasma concentrations are found in patients with septic shock but not during traumatic shock, or in healthy volunteers, Int ermediate values of circulating adenosine are found in patients with severe sepsis. APC may be a prognostic index far outcome in septic patients, with much higher values being found in nonsurvivors.