Experience in the midst of variation: New horizons for development and psychopathology

This essay explores implications of current trends in developmental science for understanding psychopathology at the dawn of the new millennium. Over the past half century, it has become clear that uniform and general princip les of development (i.e., those that are applicable at all times, to all pe ople, and in all places) will be of limited utility in understanding the pr ocesses of greatest interest in development and psychopathology. Instead, s uch processes are characterized by complexly organized individuals engaged in developmental transactions within multiple contexts (ranging from the bi ological environment of neurons to the cultural systems of meaning that sha pe people's lives). These transactions in turn often yield variable outcome s. In order to portray how we have come to this conclusion, we first provid e a view of contemporary research in three areas of early development: the biology of the developing brain, the complexities of early emotional develo pment, and the cultural contexts of child development. We then trace how an increasing appreciation of organized complexity, developmental transaction s, and the meaning of context have played out in the emerging field of infa nt mental health before closing with our vision of new opportunities for th e study of experience in the midst of variation.