Paths to the facilitation of open adoption

The present study was designed to test a model of the paths leading to the facilitation of open adoption. Professionals used open facilitation if they held optimistic attitudes about its effects. Belief in the positive effect s of openness were in turn associated with liberal placement boundaries and shout list criteria. A second path described older, better educated and em ployed birth mothers choosing urban, fee-charging facilitators who were mov e likely to have incorporated openness into their adoption practice.