Measurements of the wavefront of light reflected from the retina of the hum
an eye can be used to determine optical aberrations of the human eye for la
rge pupils. An. instrument based on the Hartmann-Shack principle was develo
ped. The wavefront is refracted by a microlens array and detected by a CCD
camera. In first clinical studies human volunteer eyes and preoperative and
postoperative refractive surgical patient eyes have been examined. An. ada
ptive optical closed loop system has been devised for preoperative simulati
on of refractive outcomes of aberration free refractive surgical procedures
.