Location of genes involved in ear compactness in wheat (Triticum aestivum)by means of molecular markers

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for three traits related to ear morphology ( spike length, number of spikelets, and compactness as the ratio between num ber of spikelets and spike length) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were map ped in a doubled-haploid (DH) population derived from the cross between the cultivars Courtot and Chinese Spring. A molecular marker linkage map of th is cross that had previously been constructed based on 187 DH lines and 380 markers was used for QTL mapping. The genome was well covered (85%) except chromosomes 1D and 4D and a set of anchor loci regularly spaced (one marke r each 15.5 cM) were chosen for marker regression analysis. The presence of a QTL was declared at a significance threshold alpha = 0.001. The populati on was grown in one location under field conditions during three years (199 4, 1995 and 1998). For each trait, 4 to 6 QTLs were identified with individ ual effects ranging between 6.9% and 21.8% of total phenotypic variation. S everal QTLs were detected that affected more than one trait. Of the QTLs 50 % were detected in more than one year and two of them (number of spikelets on chromosome 2B, and compactness on chromosome 2D) emerged from the data f rom the three years. Only one QTL co-segregated with the gene Q known to be involved in ear morphology, namely the speltoid phenotype. However, this c hromosome region explained only a minor part of the variation (7.5-11%). Ot her regions had a stronger effect, especially two previously unidentified r egions located on chromosomes 1A and 2B. The region on the long arm of chro mosome 1A was close to the locus XksuG34-1A and explained 12% of variation in spike length and 10% for compactness. On chromosome 2B, the QTL was dete cted for the three traits near the locus Xfbb121-2B. This QTL explained 9% to 22% of variation for the traits and was located in the same region as th e gene involved in photoperiod response (Ppd2). Other regions were located at homoeologous positions on chromosomes 2A and 2D.