Carotid stenting and "extarterectomy" in the management of head and neck cancer involving the internal carotid artery: Technical case report

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Head and neck cancer that invades the internal ca rotid artery (ICA) represents a significant management challenge. We descri be a novel technique that allows for aggressive tumor removal without disru pting blood flow through the affected ICA. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old man was referred to our institution fo r management of a neck malignancy involving the ICA. Cerebral angiography s uggested that there was good collateral flow from the opposite hemisphere, but the patient reported visual loss in the ipsilateral eye during balloon test occlusion of the ICA. INTERVENTION: A self-expanding stent was deployed in the ICA; it spanned th e entire length of the artery involved by tumor. One month later, the patie nt underwent tumor resection. During surgery, a long ICA arteriotomy was pe rformed directly down to the mesh of the stent. A neoendothelium had formed within the stent, which prevented arterial bleeding. The carotid wall was dissected from the stent without difficulty and removed en bloc with the su rrounding tumor. The exposed stent was wrapped circumferentially with a syn thetic patch material. The patient tolerated the procedure well, and postop erative angiography demonstrated normal filling of the ICA. CONCLUSION: We describe a novel approach to a patient with head and neck ca ncer involving the cervical ICA. Preliminary stenting, which allows time fo r endothelialization before surgery, may permit aggressive tumor resection without interrupting flow through the ICA. This technique obviates the need for complicated carotid reconstruction procedures and avoids the risk of d elayed ischemia from carotid sacrifice.