Fatty acid metabolism in neurodevelopmental disorder: a new perspective onassociations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, dyslexia, dyspraxia and the autistic spectrum

There is increasing evidence that abnormalities of fatty acid and membrane phospholipid metabolism play a part in a wide range of neurodevelopmental a nd psychiatric disorders. This proposal is discussed here in relation to at tention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, developmental coor dination disorder (dyspraxia) and the autistic spectrum. These are among th e most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood, with significant i mplications for society as well as for those directly affected. However, co ntroversy still surrounds both the identification and management of these c onditions, and while their aetiology is recognized as being complex and mul tifactorial, little progress has yet been made in elucidating predisposing factors at the biological level. An overview is provided here of the contents of this Special Issue, which c ontains a selection of reports from a unique multidisciplinary workshop inv olving both researchers and clinicians. Its purpose was to explore the poss ibility that ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia and autism fall within a phospholipi d spectrum of disorders. This proposal could explain the high degree of co- morbidity between these conditions, their aggregation within families and r elation to other psychiatric disorders, and a range of associated features that are already well known at a clinical level. The existing evidence for fatty acid abnormalities in these disorders is summarized, and new approach es are outlined that have the potential to improve both the identification and the management of these and related neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions. (C) 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.