Sulfate pools in the weathered substrata of a forested catchment

The mitigating effect of decreasing anthropogenic SO4 deposition on acidifi ed soils and waters can be delayed by the release of previously stored soil SO4. We investigated SO4 pools and desorption in the weathered substrata ( 0.5-10 m depth) of a forested catchment on granite to quantify the importan ce of these layers to SO4 dynamics. Solid-phase materials from 10 boreholes to a maximum depth of 10 m were analyzed for water- and phosphate-extracta ble SO4, SO4 desorption, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), pH, and dithionite - and oxalate-extractable Fe (Fe-d and Fe-o) and Al (Al-d and Al-0). Seven of the investigated boreholes were used to monitor water table depth and to obtain samples for measurement of solution SO4 concentrations. The storage of phosphate-extractable SO4 in the weathered substrata was estimated at 9 0 kmol ha(-1), of which approximate to 50 kmol ha(-1) were water soluble, S ulfate pools and their desorption behavior were highly variable, which coul d partly be explained by the variation of pH and extractable Fe and Al cont ents of the samples, Sulfate concentrations in groundwater were dependent o n the depth of groundwater table and corresponded with the depth gradients of solid-phase SO4. The SO4 pools of the substrata were apparently regulati ng solution concentrations. Thus, groundwater acidification in such aquifer s will not be easily reversed by decreasing SO4 deposition because of the r elease of previously stored SO4.