The continued growth of the older adult population, combined with the inclu
sion of psychologists in Medicare, is leading to psychological services inc
reasingly being delivered in long-term care settings. This article reviews
some basic concepts in psychological assessment and psychotherapy with olde
r adults in long-term care settings. A guide is provided for the assessment
of dementia, delirium, and depression. The use of validated empirical inst
ruments, the collection of multiple sources of historical data, and the inc
orporation of assessment results in treatment planning are emphasized. Psyc
hotherapy with persons having a dementia, and psychotherapy with persons ha
ving a personality disorder are the focus of the treatment section of this
article. We argue that these have been neglected areas of practice, and yet
treatment can produce significant benefits to these patients.