P. Zahumensky et al., The effect of time-temperature exposures on chemical composition of carbide M23C6 in 12CrMoV steel, KOVOVE MAT, 38(4), 2000, pp. 269-279
In this paper the effect of temperature and time on M23C6 carbide chemical
composition changes is investigated in the temperature range 550-650 degree
s C from 100 to 5000 hours. The chemical composition of M23C6 carbides in t
he steel has been evaluated by means of energy dispersive X-ray analysis (E
DX). Experimentally measured results are compared with those obtained by ca
lculations using Hillert-Staffansson model. In the examined time-temperatur
e range the M23C6 carbide was found to achieve the equilibrium composition
at the temperature of 650 degrees C after 5000 hours.