Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) may help maintain normal cognitive funct
ion. Nondemented surgically menopausal women on ERT (n = 10) enrolled in a
longitudinal aging study performed better than age- and education-matched c
ontrol subjects (n = 25) on selected tests of verbal memory and constructio
nal ability. These results suggest that ERT initiated soon after surgical m
enopause can have long-term neuroprotective effects in cognitively intact w
omen.