Voluntary euthanasia in Northern Ireland: general practitioners' beliefs, experiences, and actions

Background There has been much recent interest in the press and among the p rofession on the subject of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. The BMA recently conducted a 'consensus conference' over the internet to collec t views on physician-assisted suicide. Any surveys to date have addressed a variety of specialties; however, no recent surveys have looked at general practitioner (GP) attitudes and experiences. Aim. To explore the attitudes of GPs in Northern Ireland towards the issue of patient requests for euthanasia, their nature, and doctors' experiences of such requests. Method An anonymous, confidential postal survey of all (1053) GP principals in Northern ireland. Results. Seventy per cent of responders believe that passive euthanasia is both morally and ethically acceptable. Fewer (49%) would be prepared to tak e part in passive euthanasia. However, over 70% of physicians responding co nsider physician-assisted suicide and voluntary active euthanasia to be wro ng. Thirty per cent of responders have received requests from patients far euthanasia in the past five years. One hundred and seven doctors gave infor mation about these requests. Thirty-nine out of 54 patient requests for pas sive euthanasia had been complied with, as had one of 19 requests for physi cian-assisted suicide and four out of 38 patient requests for active euthan asia. Doctors perceived the main reasons why patients sought euthanasia was because of fear of loss of dignify and fear of being a burden to others. Conclusions: While the majority of GPs support passive euthanasia, they, in common with those who approve of assisted suicide and active euthanasia, o ften express a reluctance to take part in such actions This may reflect the moral, legal, and emotional dilemmas doctors encounter when facing end-of- life decisions.