Wl. Morrill et al., Effect of host plant quality on the sex ratio and fitness of female wheat stem sawflies (Hymenoptera : Cephidae), ENV ENTOMOL, 29(2), 2000, pp. 195-199
Larvae of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, feed and complete t
heir development within the lumen of wheat and other hollow-stemmed grasses
. Stems with large diameters are preferred and are the most suitable hosts.
The sex ratios of wasps are male-biased in small stems and female-biased i
n large stems. Sawfly fitness, as indicated by wasp size, fecundity, and lo
ngevity, increases with host stem size.