New technologies are trying to make significant changes in the way we perfo
rm the Pap smear test, a test that has undergone no significant modificatio
n since its inception. Efforts have focused on improving sampling with liqu
id-based methods, improving detection of abnormal cells with automated scre
ening and improving the detection of human papillomavirus with assays pract
ical for use in routine clinical material. This article reviews the perform
ance of the new technologies to date, with an emphasis on those that are cu
rrently approved for cervical cytology testing. In the aggregate, these tec
hnologies call have a positive impact on cervical disease detection and int
ervention.