Fast and fuel efficient? Optimal use of wind by flying albatrosses

Citation
H. Weimerskirch et al., Fast and fuel efficient? Optimal use of wind by flying albatrosses, P ROY SOC B, 267(1455), 2000, pp. 1869-1874
Citations number
32
Categorie Soggetti
Experimental Biology
Journal title
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
ISSN journal
09628452 → ACNP
Volume
267
Issue
1455
Year of publication
2000
Pages
1869 - 1874
Database
ISI
SICI code
0962-8452(20000922)267:1455<1869:FAFEOU>2.0.ZU;2-1
Abstract
The influence of wind patterns on behaviour and effort of free-ranging male wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) was studied with miniaturized ext ernal heart-rate recorders in conjunction with satellite transmitters and a ctivity recorders. Heart rate was used as an instantaneous index of energy expenditure. When cruising with favourable tail or side winds, wandering al batrosses can achieve high flight speeds while expending little more energy than birds resting on land. In contrast, heart rate increases concomitantl y with increasing head winds, and flight speeds decrease. Our results show that effort is greatest when albatrosses take off from or land on the water . On a larger scale, we show that in order for birds to have the highest pr obability of experiencing favourable winds, wandering albatrosses use predi ctable weather systems to engage in a stereotypical flight pattern of large looping tracks. When heading north, albatrosses fly in anticlockwise loops , and to the south, movements are in a clockwise direction. Thus, the capac ity to integrate instantaneous eco-physiological measures with records of l arge-scale flight and wind patterns allows us to understand better the comp lex interplay between the evolution of morphological, physiological and beh avioural adaptations of albatrosses in the windiest place on earth.