Aa. Sousa et Jw. Maluf, Canonical formulation of gravitational teleparallelism in 2+1 dimensions in Schwinger's time gauge, PROG T PHYS, 104(3), 2000, pp. 531-543
We consider the most general class of teleparallel gravitational theories q
uadratic in the torsion tensor, in three space-time dimensions, and carry o
ut a detailed investigation of its Hamiltonian formulation in Schwinger's t
ime gauge. This general class is given by a family of three-parameter theor
ies. A consistent implementation of the Legendre transform reduces the orig
inal theory to a one-parameter family of theories. By calculating the Poiss
on brackets, we show explicitly that the constraints of the theory constitu
te a first-class set. Therefore, the resulting theory is well defined with
regard to time evolution. The structure of the Hamiltonian theory rules out
the existence of the Newtonian limit.