Slope length effects on soil loss for steep slopes

Empirical soil erosion models continue to play an important role in soil co nservation planning and environmental evaluations around the world. The eff ect of hillslope length on soil loss, often termed the slope length factor, is one of the main and most variable components of any empirical model. In the most widely used model, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), norma lized soil loss, L, is expressed as a power function of slope length, lambd a, as L = (lambda/22.1)(m), in which the slope exponent, m, is 0.2, 0.3, 0. 4, and 0.5 for different, increasing slope gradients. In the Revised Univer sal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), the exponent, m, is defined us a continuous function of slope gradient and the expected ratio of rip to interrill eros ion. When the slope gradient is 60% and the ratio of rill to interrill eros ion is classified as moderate, the exponent m has the value of 0.71 in RUSL E, as compared with 0.5 for the USLE. The purpose of this study was to eval uate the relationship between soil loss and slope length for slopes up to 6 0% in steepness. Soil loss data from natural runoff plots at three location s on the Loess Plateau in China and data from a precious study were used. T he results indicated that the exponent, m, for the relationship between soi l loss and the slope Length for the combined data from the three stations i n the Loess Plateau was 0.44 (r(2) = 0.95). For the data as a whole, the ex ponent did not increase as slope steepness increased from 20 to 60%. We als o found that the value of m was greater for intense storms than for less in tense storms. These experimental data indicate that the USLE exponent, m = 0.5, is more appropriate for steep slopes than is the RUSLE exponent, and t hat the slope length exponent varies as a function of rainfall intensity.