Objective - To evaluate the prevalence of neurological abnormalities in pat
ients with ET and attempt to identify risk factors for neurological complic
ations. Method - Ninety five patient charts were reviewed from January 1983
-July 1999. Seventy patients fulfilled the Polycythemia Vera Study Group cr
iteria for diagnosing ET. Results - Eighteen patients (25.7%) had episodes
of neurological impairment, 52 (74.3%) had none. Neurological features - oc
clusive cerebrovascular event - 9; chronic headache - 3 and dizziness - 3,
mononeuritis multiplex, sinus vein thrombosis and epilepsy - 1 each. The in
terval between diagnosis of ET and occurrence of neurological events ranged
from time of presentation (10 patients) to 13 years(1 patient) with a high
predominance of females, 88.8% and 55%, respectively. Conclusions - Neurol
ogical complications occurred at presentation or during follow-up in approx
imately 25% of patients with ET. Our observation suggests that further inve
stigation focusing on the possible mechanisms for neurological deficits in
females with ET should be considered.