Valid and invalid nomenclature of living and fossil deer, Cervidae

Investigation of cervid nomenclature has revealed unavailable or preoccupie d names still in use; unnoticed or unevaluated homonymy; unused or unnotice d names, including senior synonyms; unnoticed or misidentified types of gen era; mis-cited authorship; unjustified emendations of original spelling; an d corrections of nomenclatural errors that have been neglected in subsequen t literature. The following names appearing in recent literature are affect ed: Pliocervinae Khomenko, Neocervinae, Cervulinae (unavailable names); Cap reolinae, Alceinae, Rangiferinae (attributable to Brookes, 1828, not to aut hors who changed their rank or corrected original spelling; take precedence over Odocoileinae when the taxa are combined, contrary to common practice) ; Alcinae (emendation due to Blyth, not Jerdon, now superseded by Alceinae, with priority over Rangiferinae - where relevant - here designated); Munti acinae (author is Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907, not Pocock, 1923; Elaphodinae her e designated a junior synonym); Megacerinae Viret (preoccupied by Megalocer idae Brookes, emended to Megalocerotinae); Blastocerus Wagner (an available name of which Blastoceros Fitzinger is an unjustified emendation, not a se nior synonym of Ozotoceros; lectotype confirmed to be Cervus paludosus Desm arest, 1822); Dorcelaphus (junior synonym of Odocoileus, not a senior synon ym of Blastocerus); Mazama gouazoubira, Muntiacus feai, Pudu pudu (unjustif ied emendations); Cervus japonicus Otsuka, 1967 (preoccupied, new name prop osed); Cervus elaphus montanus Botezat, 1903 (nomen nudum and preoccupied); and Pseudodama (preoccupied by Metacervocerus).