Compliance-oriented regulation should be understood as a holistic approach
to regulatory design, implementation monitoring, and enforcement in which t
he guiding principle is the achievement of regulatory outcomes. Compliance-
oriented regulation is therefore distinctively concerned with the effects o
f public regulation in preexistent regulatory space where it must compete w
ith private normative orderings. This article sets our the principles of co
mpliance-oriented regulatory innovation together with evidence on their eff
ectiveness. The widespread implementation of in-house corporate compliance
systems in recent years means that compliance-oriented regulators need to b
e particularly concerned with nurturing compliance capacity among regulatee
s,fostering regulatory community through compliance professionalism, and de
veloping standards for corporate compliance functions.