Purpose: To investigate effects of alertness on three-dimensional (3D) eye
movements.
Methods: During drowsy and alert periods, 3D eye movements were recorded wi
th dual search coils in three normal rhesus monkeys, and in two of these mo
nkeys after placement of bilateral kainic acid lesions of the rostral inter
stitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF).
Results: When the three monkeys were in the normal state, the average plane
thickness (standard deviation of all rotation vectors from the regressed p
lane) during drowsy periods (range, 1.2-1.9 degrees) increased significantl
y compared with the plane thickness during alert periods (range, 0.7-0.9 de
grees) in the light (P < .05). The plane thickness increased significantly
in the monkey with asymmetric bilateral riMLF-lesions (P < .05); however, t
he increase was not significant in the monkey with more symmetric bilateral
riMLF-lesions. After the bilateral riMLF-lesions, the plane thickness also
increased with drowsiness in both monkeys (P < .02), as it had in the norm
al state.
Conclusion: The implementation of Listing's law is independent of the prese
nce of vertical-torsional burst neurons in the riMLF. The increase in thick
ness of Listing's plane during drowsy periods is not due to an imprecise si
gnal from saccadic burst neurons to the 3D velocity-to-position integrator.
It is possible that this integrator itself controls Listing's law, dependi
ng on the state of alertness. (C) 2000 Japanese Ophthalmological Society.