Mbh. Petrik et al., Highly unsaturated (n-3) fatty acids, but not alpha-linolenic, conjugated linoleic or gamma-linolenic acids, reduce tumorigenesis in Apc(Min/+) mice, J NUTR, 130(10), 2000, pp. 2434-2443
We showed previously that dietary eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA, 20:5(n-3)] is
antitumorigenic in the Apc(Min/+) mouse, a genetic model of intestinal tum
origenesis. Only a few studies have evaluated the effects of dietary fatty
acids, including EPA and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, 22:6(n-3)], in this ani
mal model and none have evaluated the previously touted antitumorigenicity
of alpha-linolenic acid [ALA, 18:3(n-3)], conjugated linoleic acid [CLA, 77
% 18:2(n-7)], or gamma-linolenic acid [GLA, 18:3(n-6)]. Stearidonic acid [S
DA, 18:4(n-3)], the Delta 6-desaturase product of ALA, which is readily met
abolized to EPA, has not been evaluated previously for antitumorigenic effi
cacy. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antitumorigenicity of these
dietary fatty acids (ALA, SDA, EPA, DHA, CLA and GLA) compared with oleic
acid [OA, 18:1(n-9)] at a level of 3 g/100 g in the diets of Apc(Min/+) mic
e and to determine whether any alterations in tumorigenesis correspond to a
lterations in prostaglandin biosynthesis. Tumor multiplicity was significan
tly lower by similar to 50% in mice fed SDA or EPA compared with controls,
whereas less pronounced effects were observed in mice fed DHA (P = 0.15). A
LA, CLA and GLA were ineffective at the dose tested. Although lower tumor n
umbers coincided with significantly lower prostaglandin levels in SDA- and
EPA-fed mice, ALA and DHA supplementation resulted in equally low prostagla
ndin levels, despite proving less efficacious with regard to tumor number.
Prostaglandin levels did not differ significantly in the CLA and GLA groups
compared with controls. These results suggest that SDA and EPA attenuate t
umorigenesis in this model and that this effect may be related in part to a
lterations in prostaglandin biosynthesis.