This paper describes a finite element procedure for the simulation of the t
hermal response of integrally and electrically heated tools for composite m
anufacturing. In particular, a methodology is developed to simulate tempera
ture control of the electrical heating. Applications of the procedure were
demonstrated through simulation of the thermal responses of two electricall
y heated tools using different temperature control strategies. The predicte
d responses were found to be in good agreement with the experimental measur
ements.