Constitutive expression of a complement-like protein in Toll and JAK gain-of-function mutants of Drosophila

We show that Drosophila expresses four genes encoding proteins with signifi cant similarities with the thiolester-containing proteins of the complement C3/alpha(2)-macroglobulin superfamily. The genes are transcribed at a low level during all stages of development, and their expression is markedly up -regulated after an immune challenge. For one of these genes, which is pred ominantly expressed in the larval fat body, we observe a constitutive expre ssion in gain-of-function mutants of the Janus kinase (JAK) hop and a reduc ed inducibility in loss-of-function hop mutants. We also observe a constitu tive expression in gain-of-function Toll mutants. We discuss the possible r oles of these novel complement-like proteins in the Drosophila host defense .