Catalytic transfer hydrogenation using palladium(II) chloride, formate and
aqueous sodium hydroxide is effective for the reduction of unsaturated carb
oxylic acids, azalactones, and alpha-ketocarboxylic acids. This method is c
onvenient, economical, avoids organic solvents, and uses a stable,. nonpyro
phoric catalyst. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.