Plasma 1,25-dihydroxy- and 25-hydroxyvitamin D and adenomatous polyps of the distal colorectum

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D] inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation of human colon cancer cell lines. Epidemiological findings, although not entirely consistent, suggest an inverse relationship between vitamin D intake and colorectal cancer and adenoma, colorectal cancer precu rsor lesions. We evaluated the relationship of plasma 1,25(OH)(2)D and 25-h ydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with distal colorectal adenoma among 326 matched case and control pairs (nested in the prospective Nurses' Health Study), wh o provided blood in 1989-1990 and who underwent endoscopy in 1989-1996. Pla sma vitamin D metabolite concentrations were determined blindly by RIA. Odd s ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from multi ple conditional logistic regression models. Mean plasma 1,25(OH)(2)D and 25 (OH)D levels did not significantly differ (P = 0.3 and 0.7, respectively) b etween cases (31.6 +/- 8.4 pg/ml and 26.4 +/- 10.6 ng/ml, respectively) and controls (32.2 +/- 8.6 pg/ml and 26.8 +/- 10.2 ng/ml, respectively). Howev er, women whose plasma 1,25(OH)(2)D concentration was below 26.0 pg/ml (a l evel typically considered to be below normal) were at increased risk of dis tal colorectal adenoma (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.03-2.40). Compared with the low est 1,25(OH)(2)D quartile, women in the second (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.41-1.02 ), third (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.50-1.30), or upper (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.43-1. 15) quartiles were at a statistically nonsignificant lower risk of adenoma. The relationship was stronger for large/villous adenoma and among those wi th consistent vitamin D intake over the 10 years prior to blood draw. Compa red with women in the lowest quartile, for plasma 25(OH)D, women in the sec ond (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.41-1.00) and third (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36-0.95) q uartiles were at a statistically significantly lower risk of distal colorec tal adenoma, but there was no difference in risk in the top quartile (OR, 1 .04; 95% CI, 0.66-1.66). We conclude that women who have low levels of circ ulating 1,25(OH)(2)D may be at higher risk of distal colorectal adenomas, b ut additional study is warranted.