Modelling handgrip strength in the presence of confounding variables: results from the Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey

Differences in handgrip strength, caused by risk factors such as physical i nactivity, will. be influenced by 'confounding' variables, e.g. age, body s ize. The aims of the study were to identify the confounding variables assoc iated with handgrip strength and to assess the benefit that physical activi ty plays in maintaining grip strength within a population, having adjusted for differences in these confounding variables. The most appropriate linear body size dimension associated with grip strength was height rather than d emispan. Non-linear associations with age and body mass were also identifie d. Handgrip strength peaked in the age group 25 - 34 years for male subject s and in the age group 35 - 44 years for female subjects. Similarly, handgr ip strength increased with body mass until it peaked at a body mass of appr oximately 100 kg for male and 90 kg for female subjects; thereafter a rapid decline in grip strength was observed. Differences in handgrip strength we re found to be significantly associated with levels of physical activity ev en having controlled for differences in age and body size (height, mass and percentage body fat), but the observed association was not linear. The lev el of physical activity necessary to maintain an optimal level of handgrip strength was found to be a balance of moderate or vigorous occasions of phy sical activity.