Quantitative and qualitative aspects of trail pheromones in Macrotermes subhyalinus (Isoptera, Termitidae)

In the galleries of Macrotermes a differentiated effect of communication wa s observed, by which the outward running termites could apparently distingu ish between going to a feeding place or to virgin ground of exploration. Th e aim of this study was to investigate trail-activity in the two situations and to find out whether pheromone trails may transmit specific information about the destination of a trail. A new device was developed in which running termites could build up their p heromone trails in the context of their natural activity. Such trails were then bio-assayed with another independent group of termites of the same col ony, also during their natural activity within an experimentally defined co ntext of behaviour. In the described laboratory experiments, it was shown, that termites of Mac rotermes subhyalinus, circulating between the nest and an arena filled with soil (situation of exploration), always laid pheromone trails on the subst rate. If two channels coming out from the nest led into two identical arena s, an asymmetry of activity was often observed towards the two channels. Th is asymmetry was also found in the trail bio-assay when comparing the two t rails. If one of two paths, however, led to a foraging arena, this path bec ame significantly more active. In this situation the trail bio-assay yielde d astonishing results: if the test termites were in the process of explorat ion, the trail, that previously led to the soil arena, appeared to be signi ficantly more attractive than the foraging trail, even though it was less f requented during the phase before testing. On the other hand, if the test t ermites were part of a foraging population, the trail which led previously to the food was dominant. These results show that pheromone trails in Macrotermes subhyalinus may inc lude both quantitative and qualitative components. The reaction to such inf ormation on the trail varies depending on the motivational context of the r eceivers.