Early-onset moyamoya syndrome in a patient with Down syndrome: Case reportand review of the literature

Moyamoya disease is a chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disorder. It can oc cur as a primary disease or as a syndrome associated with a variety of cond itions. Usually it takes 1 to 2 years to develop a classic moyamoya pattern . We report a 20-month-old girl with Down syndrome and moyamoya syndrome wh o presented with seizure and hemiparesis, To our knowledge, this is the you ngest case reported with moyamoya syndrome and Down syndrome. The prognosis and current treatment of moyamoya syndrome and its relation to Down syndro me are reviewed. There is some reason to speculate that the abnormalities a ssociated with Down syndrome might create a vulnerability for the developme nt of moyamoya syndrome.