Many process variables affect chemical mechanical planarization (CMP)
results. Such wafer dimensional characteristics as thickness variation
, shape, and local surface curvature are closely correlated to removed
film within wafer nonuniformity (WIWNU) and removal rate. Noncontact
capacitive gauging technology also shows promise in mapping wafer geom
etry changes after CMP. This technique is especially attractive for me
tal layer thickness measurements where conventional techniques have li
mitations.