Paintings of Giacomo Francesco Cipper, known as Il Todeschini (1664-1736),in French museum collections

There are more than twenty paintings by, or attributed to Giacomo Francesco Cipper, known as Il Todeschini (1664-1736), in French museum collections. Cipper, an Austrian-born artist who worked in Milan from 1696 until his dea th, played a major role in the naturalist movement, which had a strong foot hold in 17th and early 18th century Lombardy. Recent additional information about the artist's life, together with an expanded corpus of his works and a clearer delineation of his stylistic development have allowed interpreta tive keys to be proposed for his oeuvre, certain aspects of which neverthel ess remain enigmatic.