Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on heavy metal (Pb and Cd) uptake, growth, and chemical composition of Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Razaki)

The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) on plant growth, mineral uptak e as well as on soluble solids and acid content of the Razaki grapevine var iety grafted onto 110R, in experiments with different amounts of Pb and Cd heavy metals, was studied. Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants were grow n outdoors in pots containing soil, supplemented with 0, 50, 100, and 300 m g of Pb/kg or O, 5, 10, and 50 mg of Cd /kg soil. After 3.5 years mycorrhiz al colonization was varied from 26.3% to 58.7% in Pb treatments and from 44 .7% to 53.3% in Cd treatments. In the same time spore population was varied from 126 to 266 spores per 100 g soil and from 186.7 to 264.0 spores in Pb and Cd treatments, respectively. Treatments receiving 300 mg Pb/kg and 50 mg Cd/kg in the soil showed a reduction in pruning weight compared with the control (O mg Pb or Cd/kg). Mycorrhizal colonization significantly increas ed pruning weight in the control and the low Pb and Cd treatments (O, 50, a nd 100 mg/kg and 0, 5, and 10 mg/kg respectively). In elevated soil Pb supp lements, the fruits had decreased total soluble solids and increased total acidity. With the changes to Cd level, berry soluble solids and acids were not affected, No significant differences of leaf N, K, Ca, Mg, and B nutrie nt concentrations were found between the heavy metal Pb and Cd treatments n or between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. The M/NM (mycorrhizal/no n-mycorrhizal) ratio for N, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations varied from 1.0 to 1.2 and for B from 1.07 to 1,5. Leaf Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb, and Cd concentrat ions were lower in mycorrhizal plants compared to non-mycorrhizal plants an d the M/NM ratios were less than 1.0. Berry Pb concentrations in the mycorr hizal plants were low (up to 20 mg/kg) in control and increased in Pb treat ments (up to 463 mg/kg and 1315 mg/kg in M and NM plants, respectively). Ap preciable Cd was detected only in the high Cd treatments, in which berry co ncentrations were 0.8 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg in the M and NM plants, respectiv ely (50 mg of Cd/kg).