Epidemiological studies indicate that moderate alcohol consumption, particu
larly wine, reduce the risk of CHD. The present study was designed to inves
tigate the effect of grape-skin extract on markers of oxidative status. The
study was designed as a randomised crossover. A diet with a low content of
flavonoids was served with strict control of intake in two consecutive 1-w
eek intervention periods to fifteen subjects (nine women, six men) divided
randomly into two groups. During one of the weeks the subjects from either
group consumed 200 ml grape-skin extract in water (1 mg extract/ml) at each
of three daily meals (31.3 mg total phenolics, including 9.0 mg catechin).
An increased activity of glutathione reductase and a borderline increase o
f glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes were observed after grape
-skin intervention, while the intervention had no significant effect on sup
eroxide dismutase or catalase. Likewise, no effect was found on 2-aminoadip
ic semialdehyde (AAS) residues, a plasma protein oxidation product, or on m
alondialdehyde in plasma or in LDL, which are markers of lipoprotein oxidat
ion. A marginal effect of grape-skin intervention was observed on plasma as
corbate levels. Intake of the experimental diet significantly reduced plasm
a vitamin C and plasma AAS in both groups. This effect was most pronounced
in the particular week with no grape-skin extract addition. We speculate th
at grape-skin extract may have a sparing effect on vitamin C. The effects o
f the experimental diet may be partly ascribed to a low content of several
fruit- and vegetable-related antioxidants like flavonoids and vitamin C and
a relatively high content of carrot-derived antioxidants, such as carotene
s.