Structure of trihalogenomesitylenes and tunneling of the methyl groups protons II. Protonated tribromomesitylene

The crystal structure of protonated 1,3,5-tribromo-2,4,6-trimethyl benzene is studied at 295 and 14 K by single-crystal neutron diffraction. In this t emperature range, the structure is always triclinic: P(1) over bar and Z = 2. All atoms are in the plane of the aromatic ring except two staggered pro tons of each methyl group. Consequently, deviation from C-3h symmetry is ne gligible for the whole molecule. In the aromatic ring, a significant shorte ning of the C-C bond facing the eclipsed C-H bond is observed, while the C- ar-C-ar-C-me angle is increased to 123.3 degrees. The apparent conformation of the proton density in the methyl groups varies drastically as a functio n of temperature. At 14 K, the proton density shows three maxima for each m ethyl group, located on a circle of radius 1.006 Angstrom. Solving the Schr odinger equation, we have found the potentials compatible with the excitati ons measured in the incoherent inelastic neutron scattering spectrum. The e igenvectors corresponding to the two lower states allowed us to calculate a proton density very close to that measured by neutron diffraction at 14 K. These results establish a strong correlation between coherent and incohere nt neutron scattering, for methyl groups treated as uniaxial rotors. Howeve r, at 295 K, four maxima of proton density were found, which were attribute d to a complex coupling between the methyl rotor and various motions of the molecule. Therefore, the anisotropic spreading of proton density at low te mperature is basically of quantum nature while, at higher temperatures, the apparent deformation of the methyl group is the result of complex thermal motions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.