Hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: Clinical management issues

The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has extended the he althy lifespan of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ; deaths among people with AIDS declined for the first time in 1996, after the institution of this therapeutic approach, As the life expectancy of HIV -infected patients increases, greater attention will need to be focused on the recognition and management of potentially severe concurrent illnesses t hat may increase their mid- to long-range morbidity and mortality, The inci dence of infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) is increased among patients w ith HIV disease, reflecting shared epidemiological risks, HCV not only may have an impact on the health status of HIV-infected patients but also may d ecrease their quality of life and increase their health care costs. Althoug h clinicians have been reluctant to treat viral hepatitis C in the HIV-infe cted population, this therapeutic nihilism is unwarranted. The majority of studies have concluded that treatment of hepatitis C in HIV-infected patien ts results in an initial efficacy and long-term response similar to those i n the HIV-seronegative population. Furthermore, treatment of HCV infection in HCV/HIV-coinfected patients may improve tolerance for antiretroviral med ications. Physicians caring for patients with HIV infection require up-to-d ate information to make rational decisions regarding HCV coinfection to ens ure that morbidity and mortality are minimized and that quality of life and medical care costs are optimized.