LAMINAR CONVECTIVE HEAT-TRANSFER OF A BINGHAM PLASTIC IN A CIRCULAR PIPE .2. NUMERICAL APPROACH - HYDRODYNAMICALLY DEVELOPING FLOW AND SIMULTANEOUSLY DEVELOPING FLOW

Hydrodynamically developing and simultaneously (that is, hydrodynamica lly and thermally) developing laminar flows of a Bingham plastic in a circular pipe have been investigated numerically. Solutions have been obtained by using a four-step fractional method combined with an equal order bilinear finite element method. For hydrodynamically developing flow, shorter entrance length is required to reach fully developed ve locity field and thicker unyielded region appears closer to the inlet as the yield stress becomes larger. For simultaneously developing flow , the heat transfer characteristics show the same trends as those pred icted from the thermally developing flow. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Lt d.