Jg. Johnson et al., Association between cigarette smoking and anxiety disorders during adolescence and early adulthood, J AM MED A, 284(18), 2000, pp. 2348-2351
Citations number
22
Categorie Soggetti
General & Internal Medicine","Medical Research General Topics
Context Cigarette smoking is associated with some anxiety disorders, but th
e direction of the association between smoking and specific anxiety disorde
rs has not been determined.
Objective To investigate the longitudinal association between cigarette smo
king and anxiety disorders among adolescents and young adults.
Design The Children in the Community Study, a prospective longitudinal inve
stigation.
Setting and Participants Community-based sample of 688 youths (51% female)
from upstate New York interviewed in the years 1985-1986, at a mean age of
16 years, and in the years 1991-1993, at a mean age of 22 years.
Main Outcome Measure Participant cigarette smoking and psychiatric disorder
s in adolescence and early adulthood, measured by age-appropriate versions
of the Diagnostic interview Schedule for Children.
Results Heavy cigarette smoking (greater than or equal to 20 cigarettes/d)
during adolescence was associated with higher risk of agoraphobia (10.3% vs
1.8%; odds ratio [OR], 6.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-30.17), ge
neralized anxiety disorder (20.5% vs 3.71%; OR, 5.53; 95% CI, 1.84-16.66),
and panic disorder (7.7% vs 0.6%; OR, 15.58; 95% CI, 2.31-105.14) during ea
rly adulthood after controlling for age, sex, difficult childhood temperame
nt; alcohol and drug use, anxiety, and depressive disorders during adolesce
nce; and parental smoking, educational level, and psychopathology. Anxiety
disorders during adolescence were not significantly associated with chronic
cigarette smoking during early adulthood. Fourteen percent and 15% of part
icipants with and without anxiety during adolescence, respectively, smoked
at least 20 cigarettes per day during early adulthood (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.
36-2.14).
Conclusion Our results suggest that cigarette smoking may increase risk of
certain anxiety disorders during late adolescence and early adulthood.